|
|
Inventure of the City Center ? Brno – Benešova Street
Foltýnek, Jan ; Rudiš, Viktor (referee) ; Pelčák, Petr (advisor)
Historically, the locality Benešova located on the edge of the medieval city of Brno in the former site of the Baroque fortification. In the nineteenth century, after the demolition of the fortifications were being built ring road block with mostly public buildings and park areas. The newly designed structure of the buildings are trying to complete Brno Ring in the unfinished part and continues the tradition of major public buildings on ring road.
|
|
|
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the evolution of its influence as a result of judicial interpretation
Ženíšek, Jaroslav ; Blažek, Lukáš (referee)
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the evolution of its influence as a result of judicial interpretation Abstract The thesis analyzes the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the changes in its understanding resulting from its interpretation by the Supreme Court of the United States throughout the years since the ratification of the Amendment. The thesis discusses every section of the Fourteenth Amendment, but the highest attention is dedicated to its most significant first section and the clauses contained in it; the citizenship clause, the privileges or immunities clause, the due process clause and the equal protection clause. The debates of the 39th Congress are discussed as well, as they offer an insight to the original understanding of the terms used in the text of the Amendment and allow to understand the context of its origin. The evolution of the Amendment's influence is then analyzed through a number of historical eras that reflect the ever-changing composition of the Court and the decisions stemming from it. The thesis tries to outline the most likely original meaning of the Amendment's clauses and compare it to their interpretation by the Supreme Court which makes it possible to observe the Amendment's gradually growing influence on american...
|
|
|
The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003
Mertová, Viktorie ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
U. S. universities often apply affirmative action approach in admissions procedure, that is to say, they give preferential treatment to racial or ethnic minority applicants. There are several reasons for this policy. First, in the 1960s, the federal government instructed all the federal contractors to take an affirmative action to ensure that minorities were not discriminated against. Second, universities attempt to create a diverse student body which is supposed to produce educational benefits and raise the quality of education. The affirmative action programs cause a number of controversies. The opponents argue that the policy discriminates against the majority and therefore violates the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Many litigations took place in the United States over the course of years, some of the cases were even brought before the Supreme Court. The Bachelor's thesis "The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003" investigates the changes of the Supreme Court's approach to this problem in the period between 1978 (first landmark decision) and 2003, when the Supreme Court dealt with the issue last so far. On the basis of an analysis of the decisions in three significant Supreme Court cases, this paper characterizes the most...
|
|
|
The relationship between the state and religious communitites in the USA
Krauzová, Tereza ; Horák, Záboj (advisor) ; Tretera, Jiří Rajmund (referee)
The relationship between the state and religious communities in the USA Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the relevant aspects of the relationship between the state and religious communities in the United States of America. The focus of the thesis lies in the introduction of the development of interpretation of both religious clauses of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution by the Supreme Court, especially in the 20th century. This thesis aims to show, how both religious clauses, even though they were created to serve the same purpose, are in some cases interpreted in a contradicting way. The thesis also elaborates on religious freedom in the sensitive environment of armed forces, as the soldiers depend totally on services provided to them by the government. In the final part, the thesis introduces certain exceptions from the generally applicable legal provisions for the churches and religious legal entities, as well as recent development from the perspective of admitting religious freedom to business corporations. Keywords: freedom of religion, Constitution of the United States, First Amendment, churches, Supreme Court, USA
|
|
|
The position of the Supreme Court in the American political system and the significance of its decision-making for the political procedure in the USA.
Zástěra, Martin ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Role of the U.S. Supreme Court in American system of government and the importance of Court's decisions for the political process in the United States of America" deals with the institutional role U.S. Supreme Court has in American system of government and puts emphasis on Court's decisions and their practical consequences on the politics in the United States. In history of the country the Court was an influential decision-making body on many occasions. Although shortly after the federation was established many intended to put the Court in position where weak powers given to it would not enable the institution to fully play its role of the guardian that keeps an eye on the constitutionality of adopted laws, at the beginning of the 19th century the Court found its place and became exactly what it was originally intended to be. Decision in Marbury v. Madison gained the Court the crucial power of judicial review. The power of judicial review completely changed the role of the institution that finally became the guardian of the Constitution. This thesis outlines the institutional position of the judicial branch and especially the position of the Supreme Court in American system of government. It also focuses on the political aspects of the nomination process of Supreme Court Justices and...
|
|
|
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the evolution of its influence as a result of judicial interpretation
Ženíšek, Jaroslav ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the evolution of its influence as a result of judicial interpretation Abstract The thesis analyzes the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the changes in its understanding resulting from its interpretation by the Supreme Court of the United States throughout the years since the ratification of the Amendment. The thesis discusses every section of the Fourteenth Amendment, but the highest attention is dedicated to its most significant first section and the clauses contained in it; the citizenship clause, the privileges or immunities clause, the due process clause and the equal protection clause. The debates of the 39th Congress are discussed as well, as they offer an insight to the original understanding of the terms used in the text of the Amendment and allow to understand the context of its origin. The evolution of the Amendment's influence is then analyzed through a number of historical eras that reflect the ever-changing composition of the Court and the decisions stemming from it. The thesis tries to outline the most likely original meaning of the Amendment's clauses and compare it to their interpretation by the Supreme Court which makes it possible to observe the Amendment's gradually growing influence on american...
|
|
|
The development of legal, political and social aspects of obscenity in the USA
Chmelařová, Petra ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Korytová Magstadt, Štěpánka (referee)
Diploma thesis "The development of legal, political and social aspects of obscenity in the USA" focuses on the historical development of the basic definition of obscenity, highlights the long and difficult process of its formulation and presents crucial decisions of the Supreme court. It also briefly summarizes chief arguments supporting or rejecting censorship on the grounds of obscenity. This work also provides with a general overview of legislature concerning obscenity in the United States and concisely presents some interest groups, which are actively fighting against obscenity/ indecency or for the protection of the freedom of speech. Furthermore, the work also focuses on the work of the Federal Communication commission and gives an overview of its rulings regulating obscenity and indecency in broadcasting media. Finally, this work also introduces the Nipplegate scandal and concentrates on the developments after it.
|
|
|
The Loving v. Virginia Case and its Impact on the Current Debate about Sexual Minority Rights
Sechovcová, Anežka ; Mertová, Viktorie (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis addresses the impact of the Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia on the U.S. public debate concerning the rights of sexual minorities, concentrating on the right to marry. In the 21st century, the LGBTQ rights supporters have focused primarily on the same- sex marriage legalization. In that effort, they considered the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case analogical and they have employed the arguments used in this case to support legalization of same-sex marriage. The Supreme Court decision in the Loving v. Virginia case banned anti- miscegenation laws all over the United States and declared the right to marry to be a fundamental right of all American citizens. This became a key argument in the efforts to legalize same-sex marriage and especially in the 2015 Supreme Court decision in the case Obergefell v. Hodges which has made same-sex marriage legal in the whole U.S. The thesis first gives a historical overview of gay rights in the U.S. which is important for understanding the key court decisions and for making the parallel between interracial marriage and same-sex marriage. Then a content analysis of selected articles from the Washington Post and New York Times journals is provided, reflecting the presence of the interracial marriage (or the Loving v. Virginia case) and same-sex...
|
|
|
The Role of the Grand Chambers of the Supreme Courts and of the Plenum of the Constitutional Court in Judicial Law-Making
Kadlec, Ondřej ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šimíček, Vojtěch (referee) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
The Role of the Grand Chambers of the Supreme Courts and of the Plenum of the Constitutional Court in Judicial Law-Making Abstract Grand Chambers (GCs) are considered to be the most authoritative judicial bodies within multi-panel supreme courts. They are said to secure the unity, continuity, and quality of these courts' decision making. This thesis explores these claims in relation to GCs of three Czech highest courts - the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Constitutional Court. What is the role of the GCs in the decision-making of these Courts and how do the GCs fulfil their role? The thesis addresses these questions from both doctrinal and empirical angles. Doctrinally, it analyses with respect to all three courts the criteria for selecting GC cases, the character of GC decisions, and the status of GC precedents. Empirically, it explores how many and what type of cases the case-selection mechanism generates and how the GC's decisions influence the decision- making of other Court formations. On the basis of this analysis, the main argument of the thesis is that courts' use of GCs influences the way the multi-panel courts develop the law. The three key parameters of any GC that the thesis identifies are (i) the justification of its authority, (ii) the means of asserting its authority...
|
|
|
Executive privilege in the U.S. political system
Janoušková, Johana ; Kotábová, Věra (advisor) ; Labendz, Jacob Ari (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the privilege of the President of the United States to withhold information from the Congress and ultimately the public, known as the executive privilege. The main theoretical approaches used are the unitary executive theory and also the model of imperial presidency by Arthur M. Schlesinger, which deals with governmental secrecy. The mechanism through which this executive privilege is applied is shown on two case studies. First analysed case is George W. Bush's claim of executive privilege in 2008 concerning the Environmental Protection Agency's decision not to grant California a waiver allowing the state to impose stricter vehicle emissions standards than required by the federal law. Second analyzed claim is the one made by Barack Obama in 2012 following the congressional investigation of executive officials involved in operation Fast and Furious. The thesis also includes the Watergate scandal which led to President Richard Nixon's resignation and became formative for the future perception of the privilege. Since the executive privilege is not mentioned in the United States Constitution, the thesis describes mechanisms of checks and balances that are able to limit the privilege and to what degree. Schlesinger's theory also focuses on the so-called "religion of secrecy" and...
|
guest ::
